Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma Treatment

Authored by Chinmay Jani, published on 2026-09-01 18:38:20.0

The algorithm broadly reflects contemporary malignant pleural mesothelioma management by separating histology and incorporating immunotherapy (nivolumab/ipilimumab) for non-epithelioid disease and multimodality therapy including surgery and/or radiation in selected epithelioid, potentially resectable cases. It is directionally aligned with major guidelines and pivotal trials, but it is underspecified on staging, operability criteria, performance status, and preferred systemic regimens (including pemetrexed/platinum ± bevacizumab and chemo-immunotherapy options). The role and timing of radiation in multimodality approaches remains nuanced and center-dependent, and non-epithelioid resection is generally uncommon outside highly selected cases.

  1. Mesothelioma
    • Epithelioid
      • Stage 1 and Resectable?
        Resectability determination is central to mesothelioma management and is guided by stage, histology, performance status, and institutional expertise; guidelines outline criteria and recommend multidisciplinary evaluation.
        • Systemic (Chemo-IO) + Radiation
          • Select Systemic Regimen Options
            • Carboplatin Pemetrexed Pembrolizumab Regimen Option*
              *Cisplatin may substitute for carboplatin
              • Progression After Carbo Peme Pembro?
                • Pemetrexed-Based Rechallenge After Good Response
                • Gemcitabine Plus Ramucirumab Second-Line Option
                • Continue Current Therapy And Monitor Response
            • Carboplatin Pemetrexed Chemotherapy Regimen Option*
              *Cisplatin may substitute for carboplatin
              • Progression After Carbo Peme Only?
                • Nivolumab Ipilimumab After Prior Chemo
                • Continue Current Therapy And Monitor Response
            • Nivolumab Ipilimumab Dual Checkpoint Option
              • Progression After Ipi Nivo Used?
                • Carboplatin Pemetrexed Chemotherapy Second-Line*
                  *Cisplatin may substitute for carboplatin
                • Carboplatin Pemetrexed Plus Bevacizumab Option*
                  *Cisplatin may substitute for carboplatin
                • Continue Current Therapy And Monitor Response
        • Resection
    • Non-epithelioid (Sarcomatoid or Biphasic)
      • Ipi / Nivo
        • Progression After Ipi Nivo Used?
          • Carboplatin Pemetrexed Chemotherapy Second-Line*
            *Cisplatin may substitute for carboplatin
          • Carboplatin Pemetrexed Plus Bevacizumab Option*
            *Cisplatin may substitute for carboplatin
          • Continue Current Therapy And Monitor Response
      • Carboplatin + Pemetrexed + Pembrolizumab*
        *Cisplatin may substitute for carboplatin
        • Progression After Carbo Peme Pembro?
          • Pemetrexed-Based Rechallenge After Good Response
          • Gemcitabine Plus Ramucirumab Second-Line Option
          • Continue Current Therapy And Monitor Response
  2. Cisplatin May Substitute For Carboplatin
    In platinum-eligible patients, cisplatin may be used instead of carboplatin based on renal function, hearing/neuropathy risk, hydration tolerance, and institutional practice.
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